bk virus (bkv) is a polyomavirus with seroprevalence in adults, ranging from 60 to 100%. it is considered as usual cause of renal dysfunction after the allograft renal transplantation nephropathy. potent immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation can lower the rate of acute rejection. therefore, untreated bkv infections lead to kidney allograft dysfunction or loss. in order to estimate...

more fundamental question: what is the rationale for treating elite suppressors with cART in the first place? We know that many of these patients are probably infected with fully replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 isolates [2, 3]. Furthermore, a comparison of proviral and plasma HIV clones suggests that viral evolution has occurred in these patients, meaning that the vir...

This paper aims to study the dynamics of immune suppressors/checkpoints, immune system, and BCG in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are some of the examples of immune suppressors/checkpoints. They are responsible for deactivating the immune system ...

Prevention and treatment of pathological inflammatory processes requires application of various classes of immune suppressors, such as calcineurin inhibitors, steroids and non-steroid inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. However, each type of these immune suppressors causes less or more serious adverse side-effects. Exploration of the role played by prostanoids in the immune response and iden...

Bile-duct cancers (BDC) are a group of solid tumors arising from the biliary tree. Despite their classification as rare cancers, incidence BDC is increasing worldwide. Poor prognosis common feature this type cancer and mainly determined by following factors: late diagnosis, lack effective therapeutic approaches, resistance to conventional treatments. In past few years, next-generation sequencin...